北京市实施<<国营企业劳动争议处理暂行规定>>细则
北京市政府 市劳动局
北京市实施<<国营企业劳动争议处理暂行规定>>细则
市政府 市劳动局
第一章 总则
第一条 为贯彻实施国务院发布的《国营企业劳动争议处理暂行规定》（以下简称《规定》），根据本市情况，制定本细则。
第二条 本市行政区域内的国营企业、外商投资企业和执行国务院改革劳动制度四项规定的集体所有制企业，凡发生《规定》第二条规定的劳动争议，均适用本细则。
第三条 市、区、县设立劳动争议仲裁委员会（以下简称仲裁委员会），按本细则规定的管辖范围负责处理劳动争议。
企业设立劳动争议调解委员会（以下简称调解委员会），负责调解本企业内部的劳动争议。
第四条 调解委员会和仲裁委员会，必须坚持调查研究，查清实事，根据法律、法规和规章的规定处理劳动争议；劳动争议双方在适用法律上一律平等，保障当事人平等地行使权利。
促裁委员会受理劳动争议，实行一次裁决制度。
第五条 企业行政或者职工，可以委托代理人参加劳动争议仲裁活动。代理人参加仲裁活动，必须向仲裁委员会提交委托书，委托书必须记明委托事项和权限。
第二章 调解和仲裁机构
第六条 调解委员会的组成人员和调解工作，依照《规定》第六、七、八条的规定执行。
第七条 市、区、县仲裁委员会，由同级劳动局、同级工会以及与争议事项有关的企业主管部门的代表或者企业主管部门委托的有关部门的代表兼职组成，主任由同级劳动局负责人担任。
第八条 市、区、县劳动局的劳动争议处理机构是同级仲裁委员会的办事机构。仲裁委员会根据工作需要，可以设专职仲裁工作人员若干人。
市、区、县仲裁委员会可以授权其办事机构处理情节比较简单的劳动争议。
第九条 按《规定》第十二条规定，仲裁委员会成员的回避，由仲裁委员会决定；仲裁工作人员的回避，由仲裁委员会主任决定。
第三章 管 辖
第十条 调解委员会负责处理本企业内部因履行劳动合同而发生的劳动争议，并接受仲裁委员会的业务指导。
第十一条 区、县仲裁委员会负责处理本地区国营企业和执行国务院改革劳动制度四项规定的集体所有制企业的劳动争议。
第十二条 市仲裁委员会负责处理外商投资企业与中方职工发生的劳动争议和在全市有重大影响的劳动争议。
第十三条 市仲裁委员会可以处理区、县仲裁委员会移送的疑难的劳动争议，也可以将所管辖的劳动争议移交给区、县仲裁委员会处理。
第四章 程序
第十四条 调解委员会受理的劳动争议，应当自当事人口头或者书面申请调解之日起30日内结案；到期未结案的，应当视为调解不成。
第十五条 因履行劳动合同发生的劳动争议，当事人应当从争议之日起60日内，或者从企业调解委员会调解不成之日起30日内，向仲裁委员会申请仲裁。
因开除、除名、辞退违纪职工发生的劳动争议，当事人应当自企业公布处理决定之日起15日内向当地仲裁委员会申请仲裁。
第十六条 向仲裁委员会申请仲裁，必须是与劳动争议有直接利害关系的当事人并且符合申请仲裁时效的，按照本细则的规定提交申请书，并按照对方当事人人数提交副本。
申请书应当写明以下事项：
（一）双方当事人名称、地址，法定代表人姓名、职务；
（二）申请的理由和要求；
（三）证据、证人姓名和住址。
第十七条 仲裁委员会收到申请书后，经审查，符合《规定》和本细则关于劳动争议仲裁范围规定的，应当在7日内受理；不符合规定的，应当在7日内通知申请仲裁的当事人不予受理，并说明理由。
仲裁委员会决定受理的，应当自作出决定之日起5日内将书面申请的副本送达对方当事人。对方当事人收到申请书副本后，应当在7日内提交答辩书和有关证据，不按时提交或者不提交答辩书的，不影响劳动争议的处理。
第十八条 仲裁委员会成员或仲裁工作人员必须认真查阅与争议有关的档案、资料和凭证。有关单位应当如实提供材料，协助进行调查，出具证明。
对涉及国家机密和企业秘密的证据和情况，仲裁委员会应当负责保密。
第十九条 现场调查或者进行技术鉴定，应当通知当事人和有关人员到场；必要时可以邀请有关单位或人员协助。调查笔录和技术鉴定，应当写明时间、地点、调查或鉴定结论，由参加调查、鉴定的人员签字或者盖章。13第二十条仲裁委员会在办理案件时，应当在查明事实、分清责
任的基础上首先进行调解，促使当事人相互谅解，达成协议。
调解达成协议，必须双方自愿，不得强迫。协议内容不得违反法律、法规、规章和政策，不得损害公共利益和他人利益。
第二十一条 调解达成协议的，仲裁委员会应当制作调解书。调解书应当写明当事人的名称、地址、代表人或者代理人的姓名、职务，争议的主要事实、责任、协议内容等。调解书应当由当事人签字，仲裁委员会成员署名，加盖仲裁委员会印章。
第二十二条 调解未达成协议或者调解书送达前一方或者双方当事人反悔的，仲裁委员会应当进行仲裁。
调解书送达后，双方当事人必须自动履行。
第二十三条 仲裁委员会在劳动争议仲裁前4日内，应当将仲裁的时间、地点，书面通知当事人。经两次通知，当事人无正当理由拒不到场的，仲裁委员会可以作出缺席仲裁。
第二十四条 仲裁委员会处理劳动争议时，由仲裁工作人员宣读仲裁委员会成员名单，询问当事人是否申请回避。
仲裁委员会应当认真听取当事人陈述和辩论，出示有关证据，然后征询双方当事人最后意见，可以再调解；调解未达成协议的，由仲裁委员会裁决。
第二十五条 仲裁委员会评议劳动争议，实行少数服从多数的原则。评议应当制作笔录。
第二十六条 仲裁委员会受理的劳动争议，应当在60日内结案。由于劳动争议情节复杂或特殊原因，不能在规定期限内结案的，经同级人民政府批准，可以延长30日。
第二十七条 仲裁决定书应当写明：
（一）争议双方当事人的名称、地址及其代表人或者代理人姓名、职务；
（二）申请的理由、争议的事实和要求；
（三）裁决的结果和仲裁费的负担；
（四）不服裁决的起诉期限。
第二十八条 劳动争议当事人应当按照《规定》第二十五条的规定履行仲裁决定书。
第二十九条 市、区、县仲裁委员会发现本仲裁委员会的裁决确有错误，可以重新处理。
市仲裁委员会发现区、县仲裁委员会的裁决确有错误，可以要求其重新处理。
第五章 附 则
第三十条 本市行政区域内的各级机关、事业单位、社会团体招用的合同制工人，因履行劳动合同发生的劳动争议，仲裁委员会可以参照本细则处理。
第三十一条 市仲裁委员会可以依照本细则制定处理劳动争议仲裁实施规则。
第三十二条 本细则具体执行中的问题，由市劳动局负责解释。
第三十三条 本细则自1988年3月1日起施行。本市过去发布的有关劳动争议处理的规定同时废止。
1988年2月26日
Partnership - New option for foreign investment in China
Zhiguo Li
A new door to partnership is opened by the Chinese government to the foreign investors under this post-financial turmoil era in order to attract more foreign investment and provide more employment. On November 25, 2009, the State Council of the PRC promulgated the Measures for the Administration on the Establishment of Partnership Business by Foreign Enterprises or Individuals in China adopted at the 77th executive meeting of the State Council on August 19, 2009, which shall come into effect as of March 1, 2010 (“the Foreign Partnership Measures”). The Foreign Partnership Measures is regarded as supplementary to the Partnership Business Law of the People's Republic of China (“the Partnership Law”), article 108 of which provides that the measures for the administration on the establishment of partnership business by foreign enterprises or individuals shall be formulated by the State Council. Therefore the Partnership Law is the basic law for foreign enterprises or individuals (collectively “foreign partners”) to establish the partnership business in China (“foreign partnership”).
The initial effort to formulate this kind of measures with the authorization of the Partnership Law can be tracked to January 2007 when the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (MOC), as requested by the Legislative Affair Office of the State Council, promulgated a draft of the Measures for the Administration on the Foreign Funded Partnership Business (“the Draft”) for public consultation. The Draft mostly reflect the intention of the MOC to remain the approval authority for the foreign partnerships as it does in the setup of the other three types of FIEs, such as equity joint venture, contractual joint venture and wholly foreign owned enterprise (i.e., EJV, CJV and WFOE, collectively FIEs). But the final Foreign Partnership Measures kick the MOC and its local branches (“the MOC local branches”) out from the charging authority with the replacement by the local authorized branch of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce (SAIC local branch), which is unexpected to but welcome by the professionals and entrepreneurs. This article will do analysis on the Foreign Partnership Measures from four perspectives: foreign partnership models, foreign partners’ qualification, thresholds and registration of the foreign partnership, in aiming to describe a clear foreign partnership roadmap for foreign partners.
Foreign Partnership Models
Foreign partners can set up the foreign partnership in China in three models: a. with the other foreign partners; b. with the Chinese individuals, legal persons and the other organizations registered and located in Mainland China; c. through participating the existing domestic partnership.
In the models above, the foreign partners have the option to take the form of general partnership, limited liability partnership or limited partnership stipulated by the Partnership Law, among which the limited liability partnership is only for the professional institutions such as law firms and accounting firms. Comparing with model a and b, model c seems more feasible and time-and-cost saving for the foreign partners. A complete due diligence will be conducted in order to minimize the risk from the operation of the domestic partnership before the participation date of the foreign partners. In consideration of the current administration and nature of the partnerships, lack of credibility and the other elements in China, it will be difficult to get a complete due diligence report satisfied with the foreign partners. Therefore, models a and b are highly recommended. Which model of a or b take needs the consideration and balance of the foreign partners based on their business plan, legal structuring, such as whether foreign partners themselves intend to do the business competing with the foreign partnership and how to exit by transferring the contribution in the partnership, ect., and the thresholds discussed below.
Foreign Partners’ Qualification
The difference in the expression on the partners from overseas and China should be noted. Foreign partners only include foreign enterprises and individuals. The Chinese partners include Chinese individuals, legal persons and the other organizations. There is no unified legal interpretation on the “enterprise”, though mostly it refers to the profitable organizations. This uncertainty may come from the prudency of the legislator of China on the qualifications of foreign partners. Under article 184 of the Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China for Trial (“the Opinions”), this expression of “enterprise” on the foreign partners allow the SAIC local branch more discretion to judge whether the foreign partner is a qualified “enterprise” or not in accordance with the relevant Chinese laws. In this scenario, the foreign partners need to note that they should not fall into the types of entities prescribed in article 3 of the Partnership Law if they aim to be a general partner, which says that wholly state-funded company, state-owned company, listed company, public-welfare-oriented institution or social organization may not become a general partner.
Regarding the foreign individuals, they must have full capacity for civil conduct in accordance with article 14 of the Partnership Law. The international private law problem will also be involved here. Pursuant to article 180 of the Opinions, the foreign individuals who conduct civil activities in the territory of China, shall be regarded as having full capacity for civil conduct if they have that in accordance with China laws, no matter what their national laws requires for their capacity for civil conduct. Foreign individuals at or above the age of 18 years old are qualified to be the foreign partners if they are not mentally ill.
Thresholds for Foreign Partnership
Some thresholds, such as the approval by the MOC, imposed on the FIEs are lifted for foreign partnership. This means that the foreign partnership and the domestic partnership will be treated with unified threshold in the aspect of approval, which will definitely reduce the criticism from the international community, but may cause more from the domestic public (including those FIEs). But it does not mean that there will be no thresholds review on foreign partnership.
Article 3 of the Foreign Partnership Measures lists the general thresholds for the foreign partnerships. The establishment of foreign partnership shall abide by the Partnership Law and the other relevant laws, regulations and rules, and comply with the industrial policies for foreign investment. These general thresholds need to be analyzed together with the reference to the other relevant laws, regulations, rules and policies.
First, the threshold provided by the Partnership Law is the pre-approval on the business scope. Where the business cope of a foreign partnership contains any item, for example oil distribution, that is subject to approval prior to registration according to laws or regulations, such approval shall be sought in advance and submitted at the time of registration with SAIC local branch. These pre-approvals involve , but not limited to, the Ministry of Land, the Ministry of Transport, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, etc., which depends on the business of the foreign partnership.
Second, the Provisions on Guiding the Orientation of Foreign Investment (2002) and the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (revised in 2007) (collectively “foreign investment industrial policies”) set up the industrial threshold for the foreign partnerships, which are the industrial policy basis for the SAIC local branch to review registration application to establish foreign partnership in China. This will obviously increase the working load of the SAIC local branches since they are lack of the experience in this kind of foreign investment industrial policies review. We may also anticipate that there might be different explanation and implementations on the above two documents, which will be the problem faced by those foreign partners who submit the application in the first half year after the Foreign Partnership Measures comes into force on March 1, 2010.
The third threshold is that the verification is required if the project invested by the foreign partners falls into the scope described in the Provisional Measures Governing Verification of Foreign Invested Projects. The charging authority is the National Development and Reform Commission and its local branches, which depending on the amount of the total investment and the nature of the project.
It is necessary to note the forth threshold hidden in the important expression in article 3 of the Foreign Partnership Measures, which put the “rules” as the legal basis for the establishment of foreign partnerships. In the legal system of China, it indicates that the State Council authorizes the ministries or departments under the State Council (“the Ministries”) to issue necessary “rules” applicable to foreign partnerships. It also reflects that the existing valid “rules” issued by the Ministries, including those applicable to the representative offices opened by foreign law firms in China, are still the barrier for the foreign partners to access the local market in China.
The final threshold comes from the commitment of China in its WTO accession. Although the State Council encourages those foreign partners who have advanced technology and management experience to establish foreign partnership in China with the purpose to facilitate the development of the modern service industry, at this stage, the services industries may only limited to those listed in the Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services (Annex 9 of the Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China) and the openness will not be wider than the commitments therein.
Registration of the Foreign Partnership
In the FIEs regime, all investments by foreign investors need the pre-approvals of the MOC or MOC local branches. In the approval process, the MOC or MOC local branches will review, but not limited to, the content of the application, the article of associations of FIEs and contracts signed by the parties if any. Generally, this approval procedure will take 5 working days to 90 working days depending on the nature and total investment of the project. In this regard, the cancel of this approval for the foreign partnership will significantly escalate the speed of the establishment in the procedural stage and to a great extent reduce the uncertainty from the MOC or MOC local branches.
The Foreign Partnership Measures stipulates that the representative or agent of all the partners shall submit the establishment application only to the SAIC local branch and not the SAIC. The submission shall include, besides the documents required by the Regulations on the Administration of Registration of Partnership Business (revised in 2007, “Partnership Registration Regulation”), the explanation on compliance of the foreign partnership with the foreign investment industrial policies, which will ease the review by the SAIC local branch. In this regard, the review may not be limited to the formality as provided in article 16 of Partnership Registration Regulation. It seems impossible for the SAIC local branch to issue the license to the foreign partnership on the spot. In this scenario, the SAIC local branch shall make a decision on whether to issue the license to the foreign partnership within 20 working days after the date it accepts the complete application.
The Foreign Partnership Measures is the second case for MOC and MOC local branches to lose approval authority in the recent years. The first case is for the representative office opened by most of foreign enterprises in China since 2004. Although the loss of approval authority, the MOC local branches at the same level with the SAIC local branches accepting the application for establishment of foreign partnership shall be advised the registration information (including the establishment, alteration and cancel) of the foreign partnerships by the latter.
Conclusion
For those foreign partners not interested in establishing professional foreign partnerships such as law firms in China, they are now can access the Chinese market with a presence in the option of partnership. The approval procedures involved with the MOC or its local branches as set up for FIEs has been removed. The minimum investment (registered capital) requirement for FIEs has been reduced to RMB30,000 (RMB100,000 for one-person limited liability company) by the Company Law of the People's Republic of China (revised in 2005), the Foreign Partnership Measures leave the minimum investment open to the partners. The foreign partners can contribute with the currency (freely exchanged foreign currency or legally earned RMB), in kind, IPR, land use right, the other properties or labor service (limited to general partners) to the foreign partnerships. All these will minimize the cost for foreign partners to achieve their goal of profit maximization in China. But those enterprises focusing on the investment business, such as the foreign-funded venture capital investment enterprises and foreign-funded investment companies, are excluded from the Foreign Partnership Measures due to lack of experience in administrating this kind of enterprises by the government.
